Sea Level Rise and Coastal Erosion

Rising sea levels, a direct consequence of climate change, are significantly impacting coastal ecosystems. The encroaching seawater leads to increased coastal erosion, swallowing up beaches, wetlands, and even parts of the mainland. This erosion not only destroys habitats but also disrupts the delicate balance of these ecosystems, affecting the organisms that depend on them. Saltwater intrusion into freshwater sources further exacerbates the problem, making it difficult for freshwater-dependent species to survive. The loss of coastal land also has profound implications for human populations, impacting infrastructure and livelihoods.

Ocean Acidification and its Effects on Marine Life

The absorption of excess atmospheric carbon dioxide by the oceans leads to ocean acidification. This process reduces the pH of seawater, making it more difficult for marine organisms, particularly those with calcium carbonate shells or skeletons like corals, shellfish, and plankton, to build and maintain their structures. The weakening of these shells makes them more vulnerable to predation and physical damage. This impacts the entire food web, as these organisms form the base of many marine ecosystems. The decline in these species can lead to cascading effects throughout the ecosystem, potentially causing biodiversity loss and impacting fisheries.

Changes in Water Temperature and its Impact on Coral Reefs

Warmer ocean temperatures caused by climate change are having devastating effects on coral reefs, often described as the “rainforests of the sea.” Increased water temperatures lead to coral bleaching, a process where corals expel the symbiotic algae living within their tissues, causing them to lose their color and become vulnerable to disease and death. Coral bleaching events are becoming more frequent and intense, threatening the survival of these vital ecosystems that support a vast array of marine life. The loss of coral reefs has significant implications for biodiversity, fisheries, and coastal protection.